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M.  J.  EXNER,  M.  D. 


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THE  PHYSICIAN'S  ANSWER 


Medical  Authority  and  Prevailing 
Misconceptions  about  Sex 


mTj.  exner,  m.  d. 

Secretary  Student  Department,  International 

Committee  Young  Men^s  Christian 

Associations 


New  York:     124  East  28th  Street 
London  :  47  Paternoster  Row,  E.  C. 


7^ 


/f/S 


Copyright,  1913,  by 

The  International  Committee  of 

Young  Men's  Christian  Associations 


The  Physician's  Answer 


The  sex  motive  runs  like  a  golden  thread  through  the 
warp  and  woof  of  human  life.  It  is  one  of  the  greatest 
influences  determining  human  character,  happiness,  and 
destiny.  It  has  filled  the  pages  of  history  with  stirring 
deeds  of  valor;  has  created  masterpieces  of  literature, 
music,  and  art ;  and  it  is  the  very  soul  of  the  drama. 

The  sex  function  is  the  most  pervasive  human  function, 
touching  life  in  its  every  aspect  and  interest.  The 
noblest,  purest,  and  finest  in  manhood  and  womanhood  is 
intimately  related  to  and  dependent  upon  normal  sex 
life.  In  the  exercise  of  his  sex  function  man  bears  his 
deepest  responsibilities  to  society  and  joins  the  Creator 
in  bringing  into  being  human  souls. 

But  that  which  is  capable  of  the  highest  uses  lends 
itself  also  to  the  lowest  abuses.  The  sex  instinct,  when 
normally  developed,  wisely  directed  and  controlled, 
becomes  a  source  of  power,  of  capacity  for  achievement, 
and  of  inspiration  to  the  noblest  of  ideals.  When  mis- 
directed, uncontrolled,  and  sensualized,  it  tends  to  physi- 
cal decay,  intellectual  confusion,  and  spiritual  ruin. 

It  is  significant  that  the  budding  sex  consciousness 
of  the  adolescent  youth  normally  tends  to  express  itself 
not  in  desire  for  sexual  gratification  but  in  romantic 
idealism  and  manly  chivalry.  It  tends  to  express  itself 
in  ways  that  awaken  in  him  the  noblest  impulses  and  the 
finest  human  qualities.  His  girl  chum,  whose  presence 
up  to  that  time  has  awakened  in  him  responses  not  essen- 


tially  different  from  those  aroused  by  the  presence  of  a 
boy,  upon  whom  he  has  looked  with  a  sense  of  his  own 
superiority  or  as  a  thing  to  be  teased,  now  becomes  to  him 
a  new  being — one  to  be  desired  above  all  else  in  the 
world.  She  becomes  the  subject  of  his  thoughts  and 
dreams  and  the  queen  of  his  air  castles ;  one  to  be  loved, 
served,  and  defended  against  the  world.  His  imagination 
becomes  busy  picturing  situations  in  which  he  is  the  hero 
and  which  show  to  him  what  he  would  do  to  the  fellow 
who  would  dare  to  harm  her  or  to  offer  her  an  insult. 
Why  is  he  so  resentful  of  jibes  about  "the  girls"? 
Because  he  instinctively  feels  that  it  is  dealing  in  a  coarse 
and  irreverent  manner  with  that  which  is  pure  and 
sacred. 

Developing  sexual  love,  coupled  though  it  necessarily 
is  with  physical  impulses,  does  not  normally  tend  to 
express  itself  in  desire  for  sexual  gratification,  but 
rather  in  those  impulses,  desires,  and  aspirations  which 
are  fundamental  to  the  development  of  the  finest  type  of 
manhood.  The  future  character  of  the  individual  will 
approach  such  a  type  of  manhood  or  one  characterized 
by  low  ideals,  selfishness  and  sensuality,  largely  accord- 
ing to  whether  he  has  allowed  the  precious  opening  buds 
of  his  sex  life  to  blossom  in  their  natural  purity  and 
mature  into  the  normal  fruits  of  pure  noble  manhood,  or 
allowed  it  to  be  blighted  by  the  frosts  of  passion,  eaten 
with  the  worms  of  lust,  and  dwarfed  into  a  base,  mis- 
shapen thing. 

In  order  that  this  powerful,  all-pervasive  instinct  may 
perform  its  normal  energizing  and  manhood-building 
function  in  the  life  and  character  of  the  individual,  it  is 
necessary  that  it  be  so  directed  and  controlled  as  to 
conform  to  the  laws  of  his  whole  being,  physicaj,  intel- 


lectual,  and  spiritual.  These  laws  of  his  being,  as  also 
every  consideration  of  right  and  of  human  welfare, 
demand  that  the  individual  shall  lead  a  chaste  life — a  life 
free  from  all  forms  of  sexual  indulgence,  physical  or 
mental,  outside  of  marriage.  If  he  breaks  these  laws, 
retribution  in  his  mental  and  spiritual  life  if  not  in  the 
physical,  coarsening  and  deadening  those  finest  qualities 
of  manhood  from  which  the  deepest  j  oys  and  the  greatest 
worth  of  man  must  ever  spring,  is  as  sure  as  the  response 
of  the  stars  to  the  law  of  gravitation.  There  is  no  possi- 
bility of  compromise  here.  There  is  but  one  normal  sex 
life  for  the  young  man — normal  in  relation  to  his  own 
highest  interests  and  to  his  social  responsibilities — and 
that  is  the  life  in  which  his  sex  problem  is  left  wholly 
to  the  care  of  nature,  in  which  his  sex  impulses  are  con- 
trolled and  transmuted  into  finer  stuff  by  resolute  will 
and  high  ideals  of  life  as  a  whole.  It  is  the  sexually 
continent  life,  continent  in  thought  and  imagination  as 
well  as  in  deed. 

There  is  generally  prevalent  in  the  minds  of  young 
men  the  belief  that  a  life  of  sexual  continence  is  neither 
feasible  nor  possible.    It  is  believed  by  many: 

1.  That  a  life  of  sexual  continence  is  not  consistent 
with  the  best  physical  health. 

2.  That  the  exercise  of  the  sex  function  is  necessary 
to  the  full  development  and  preservation  of  "manly 
power" — the  power  of  procreation. 

3.  That  the  sexual  impulse  in  man  is  so  imperious 
that  it  is  impossible  to  control  it  and,  therefore,  a  sex- 
ually continent  life  cannot  be  expected  of  man. 

4.  That,  therefore,  the  moral  standard  which  we 
apply  to  woman  cannot  be  applied  to  man.  We  must 
recognize  a  double  standard  of  morality. 

5 


These  erroneous  and  pernicious  beliefs  have  been 
propagated  chiefly  on  the  authority  of  advertising  medi- 
cal fakers,  whose  business  depends  on  misrepresenta- 
tion and  deceit,  men  whose  methods  exclude  them  from 
the  ranks  of  reputable  physicians.  They  are  also  taught 
by  those  within  the  ranks  of  the  profession  who  are 
ignorant  or  unscrupulous  or  both,  and  who  for  the  most 
part  have  no  higher  incentive  in  their  profession  than 
the  pursuit  of  the  dollar.  The  teaching  of  these  men 
is  in  most  cases  more  an  expression  of  their  own  vicious 
habits  than  of  real  conviction.  Both  wholly  misrepre- 
sent the  teaching  and  attitude  of  the  great  majority  of 
physicians  who  constitute  the  reputable  body  of  the 
profession.  It  may  be  fairly  stated  that  it  is  the  con- 
sensus of  opinion  of  those  in  the  medical  profession 
whose  reputation  and  character  entitle  them  to  a  hearing, 
that  there  is  no  evidence  that  sexual  continence  is  incon- 
sistent with  the  highest  degree  of  health  and  vitality; 
that,  on  the  other  hand,  sexual  relations — outside  of 
marriage — are  full  of  the  gravest  dangers  not  only  to 
physical  health,  but  to  the  whole  life  of  the  individual, 
to  his  future  family,  and  to  society. 

In  S2:)eaking  on  this  question,  Dr.  William  H.  Howell, 
Professor  of  Physiology  at  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
says: 

"So  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  run  it  down  the  argu- 
ment used  takes  this  general  form.  There  is  implanted 
in  man  a  strong,  indeed,  almost  an  imperative  sexual 
appetite.  This  appetite  is  normal,  as  normal  as  the 
desire  for  food,  and  in  one  case  as  in  the  other  the 
presence,  force,  and  univ^ersality  of  the  instinct  imply 
that  nature  means  that  it  shall  be  exercised,  and,  there- 
fore,  its    exercise   or    gratification    is    essential    for   the 


preservation  of  the  integrity  of  the  organism.  The 
premises  of  this  argument  are  sound,  but  the  conclusion 
is  illogical  and  rests  upon  a  misconception  of  the  true 
significance  of  the  sexual  instinct_,  biologically  considered. 
The  analogy  drawn  between  the  sexual  appetite  and  the 
appetite  for  food  is  illusory.  Food  is  an  actual  physio- 
logical necessity  for  the  maintenance  and  growth  of  the 
body;  without  food  the  body  cannot  exist.  The  living 
tissues  require  constantly  a  supply  of  material  in  the 
form  of  food  to  repair  their  wastes  and  to  yield  the 
necessary  energy  for  their  functional  activity.  If  this 
supply  is  permanently  withdrawn  the  body  dies.  This, 
of  course,  is  an  incontestable  fact  which  no  one  will  deny. 
The  sense  of  hunger  is,  therefore,  a  necessary  provision 
of  nature  to  force  the  animal  to  seek  its  food;  appetite 
for  food  and  the  gratification  of  that  appetite  by  the  act 
of  eating  are  genuine  physiological  necessities  for  the 
preservation  of  the  health  or  indeed  for  the  mere  exist- 
ence of  the  organism.  The  sexual  appetite  has  no  such 
demonstrable  relationship  to  the  welfare  of  the  indi- 
vidual. It  is  a  provision  established  in  nature  not  for  the 
preservation  of  the  individual  organism,  but  for  the 
preservation  of  the  race.  The  sexual  instinct  and  its 
exercise  in  reproduction  constitute  a  necessity,  an  abso- 
lute necessity  for  the  propagation  of  any  given  species, 
and  therein  lies  the  explanation  of  the  existence  and 
impelling  force  of  the  sexual  appetite.  For  without  a 
strong  driving  force  of  this  kind  it  is  manifest  that 
bisexual  animals  would  not  produce  and  rear  their 
progeny.  .    .    . 

"Whatever  may  be  the  truth  in  regard  to  it,  the  fact 
remains  that  there  is  no  evidence  whatsoever  that  the 
sexual  appetite  or  the  act  of  reproduction  has  any  physio- 


logical  relationship  to  the  preservation  of  the  integrity 
of  the  individual.  This  appetite  has  been  created  or 
evolved  and  made  strong  in  us  for  an  entirely  different 
purpose.  A  sexual  necessity  exists  only  so  far  as  the 
integrity  of  the  race  is  concerned ;  so  far  as  the  individual 
is  concerned  his  sexual  functions  may  be  unused  or  he 
may  be  completely  unsexed  without  any  injury  to  his 
bodily  health." 

Dr.  William  T.  Belfield  of  the  Rush  Medical  College 
says:  "That  cohabitation  is  necessary  to  physical  health, 
that  continence  and  health  are  incompatible,  is  the  com- 
fortable creed  of  men  addicted  to  promiscuous  sexual 
intercourse:  though  such  a  man  flies  into  a  virtuous  rage 
if  an  unmarried  sister  or  daughter  adopts  his  creed  and 
conserves  the  health  of  her  male  friends  by  administering 
to  sexual  necessity.  It  is  only  the  other  fellow's  sister 
whose  philanthropic  interest  in  masculine  health  should 
be  encouraged." 

There  have  been  some  sincere  but  short-sighted  medi- 
cal writers  who  have  attributed  certain  nervous  disturb- 
ances to  sexual  abstinence  and  who  have  been  inclined  to 
advocate  a  "natural  morality"  in  which  certain  sexual 
restraints  of  civilization  should  be  removed  as  over 
against  a  "civilized  morality"  uniformly  demanding 
continence  outside  of  marriage. 

Dr.  Foerster  of  the  University  of  Ziirich  replying  to 
these  views  says:*  "We  are  quite  prepared  to  admit  that 
in  the  case  of  particular  dispositions,  or  in  the  case  of  an 
inadequate  strength  and  development  of  the  spiritual 
counteracting  factors,  the  repression  of  strong  instincts 
and  needs  may  lead  to  nervous  disturbance.     But  dis- 


♦"Marriage  and  the  Sex  Problem."    F.  W.  Foerster,  Stokes  Co.,  New 
York. 


turbances  of  this  kind  are  associated  with  every  discrep- 
ancy between  desire  and  fulfillment,  and  may  manifest 
themselves  in  other  spheres  far  more  severely  than  in 
that  of  sex;  yet  at  the  same  time  the  moral  necessity  of 
the  repression  is  not  removed.  Moreover,  even  if  the 
desires  in  question  be  scrupulously  gratified,  the  nervous 
disturbance,  in  the  case  of  such  natures,  is  only  tem- 
porarily set  aside  and  not  really  eliminated ;  the  difficulty 
can,  therefore,  best  be  met  by  a  deeper  psychological 
treatment  of  the  problems  of  self-control  and  abnega- 
tion. .  .  .  We  must  take  into  account  not  only  the  pos- 
sible immediate  hygienic  consequences,  hut  also  all  those 
further  consequences  for  health  associated  with  the 
increase  or  diminution  of  man's  spiritual  control  over  his 
physical  and  psychical  conditions.  It  might  very  well 
be  the  case  that  as  a  result  of  sexual  abstinence  a  man 
could  bring  about  certain  nervous  crises,  but  in  return 
for  this  acquire  a  firmness  of  character  which  would  place 
him  beyond  the  power  of  nerve-disturbing  results  of  a 
much  more  serious  nature.  On  the  other  hand,  it  might 
very  well  be  that  through  a  surrender  to  sexual  impulse 
a  man  could  momentarily  avoid  certain  nervous  troubles, 
at  the  same  time  lapsing  into  a  weak-willed  condition, 
which  would  put  him  at  the  mercy  of  all  the  hidden 
pathological  tendencies  to  which  he  might  be  subject,  and 
would  above  all  else  bring  him  into  situations  incompar- 
ably more  injurious  to  his  psychic  health  than  any  of 
the  lesser  difficulties,  the  avoidance  of  which  had  been 
the  dominating  principle  of  his  sexual  conduct.  .  .  . 
Spiritual  depression  is  often  capable  of  undermining  even 
man's  physical  health  more  seriously  than  any  mere 
physiological  or  nervous  disturbances.  For  example,  is 
not    the    impulse    towards    self-respect,    which    is    most 


deeply  attacked  through  sexual  laxity  and  impulsiveness, 
at  the  same  time  an  instinct  whose  repression  can  very 
injuriously  affect  the  nervous  system  and  even  the  cir- 
culation of  the  blood  ?  .  .  .  There  are  men  w^ho,  on  moral 
grounds,  withhold  themselves  from  all  actual  immorality, 
but  at  the  same  time  dwell  in  their  thoughts  upon  that 
which  their  conscience  will  not  allow  them  to  practice; 
there  can  be  no  manner  of  doubt  that  such  a  state  of 
mind  as  this  must  have  a  highly  injurious  effect  upon  the 
nervous  system.  It  would  be  quite  another  matter, 
however,  to  admit  that  weak-willed  and  inconsistent 
individuals  of  this  sort  would  be  restored  to  health  by 
sexual  'freedom' ;  in  many  cases  the  whole  situation 
would  then  merely  sink  a  stage  deeper,  the  man  would 
live  a  'normal  life,'  in  the  sexual  sense,  while  his  imagi- 
nation went  beyond  that  into  the  artificial  or  perverse, 
again  giving  rise  to  irritation  and  the  existence  of  unful- 
filled desires,  as  in  the  previous  state  of  sexual  absti- 
nence. The  cause  of  the  nervous  disturbance,  therefore, 
in  these  cases  does  not  lie  in  the  abstinence  as  such,  but 
either  in  an  abnormal  disposition  or  merely  in  a  hyper- 
trophy of  the  imagination  due  to  defective  education  and 
self -education.  Often  both  these  factors  are  operative. 
For  such  persons  abstinence  is  consequently  relatively 
the  healthiest,  as  long  as  they  do  not  marry,  because 
every  moral  resistance  imparts  some  sort  of  inner  firm- 
ness, whereas  characterless  surrender  makes  such  people 
(in  every  other  sphere  too)  into  weak-willed  slaves,  and 
offers  opportunity  to  every  sort  of  morbid  tendency.  .  .  . 
The  aim  should  be  to  liberate  the  active  principle  and 
give  it  expression  on  a  liigher  plane:  the  only  right 
pedagogical  course  is  to  represent  every  act  of  inhibi- 
tion and  repression  as  a  means  towards  the  liberation  of 

10 


a  stronger  and  more  valuable  spiritual  life,  and  thereby 
place  all  self-limitation  in  an  active  relationship  to  a 
great  view  of  life  as  a  whole ;  in  this  way  the  impression 
of  a  restriction  of  life  is  removed_,  and  the  energy  in 
question  yoked  to  higher  purposes. 

"All  solutions  of  the  sex  problem  which  tend  to  eman- 
cipate sex  feeling  from  the  control  of  moral  and  spiritual 
law  (instead  of  making  it  the  chief  aim  to  place  the  spirit 
in  a  position  of  mastery  over  the  sex  nature) _,  are  essen- 
tially hostile,  not  only  to  our  whole  social  evolution  and 
to  the  development  of  individual  character,  but  to  actual 
physical  health  in  the  sphere  of  sex." 

If  it  could  be  definitely  shown  that  sexual  continence 
may  in  some  cases  be  detrimental  to  physical  health,  it 
would  still  not  be  sufficient  ground  for  removing  the 
restraints  of  morality  in  such  cases;  for,  as  Northcote 
says:*  "The  question  as  to  the  necessity  for  sexual  inter- 
course in  a  given  case  has  a  wider  bearing  than  in  relation 
to  bodily  health.  The  conflict  must  be  fought  out  in  each 
man's  soul  around  the  great  comprehensive  and  in  itself 
perfectly  legitimate  question:  How  far  is  the  gratifica- 
tion of  the  sexual  longing  a  necessity  of  my  whole  life,  of 
my  spiritual,  moral,  intellectual,  and  physical  develop- 
ment?" 

Considered  in  its  wider  bearings  the  question  can  have 
but  one  answer.  The  highest  interests  of  the  whole  life 
of  the  individual  can  be  conserved  only  as  he  maintains 
the  control  of  his  spiritual  faculties  over  sexual  impulses, 
and  leads  a  life  of  continence  outside  of  marriage.  Any 
other  course  leads  to  confusion  of  mind,  weakness  and 
vacillation  of  will,  vulgarizing  of  the  finer  feelings,  and 


*"Christianity  and  Sex  Problems."    Hugh  Northcote,  M.A.    F.  A.  Davis 
Co.,  Philadelphia. 

11 


deadening  of  spiritual  perception.  No  matter  by  what 
jugglery  of  logic  the  individual  may  attempt  to  justify 
to  himself  any  indulgence  of  sexual  desire  outside  of 
marriage^  there  is  that  within  him  the  consent  of  which 
he  cannot  gain.  He  cannot  indulge  in  sexual  practices 
and  keep  his  own  self-respect;  he  cannot  have  a  sense  of 
right  relation  to  his  fellow-men  in  adopting  a  moral  stan- 
dard which  he  instinctively  denies  to  womanhood  and 
yet  which  demands  the  degradation  of  woman  to  immoral 
purposes;  and  if  given  to  sexual  practices — outside  of 
marriage — he  cannot  have  any  real  correspondence  with 
that  spiritual  universe  of  which  every  man  feels  himself 
more  or  less  clearly  to  be  a  part. 

The  tradition  that  the  exercise  of  the  sex  function  is 
necessary  to  the  preservation  of  virility  is  not  only 
without  foundation,  but  to  the  intelligent  physician  is 
ridiculous.  The  essential  male  sex  organs,  the  testes,  are 
glands.  We  know  that  no  other  glands  in  the  body  lose 
their  function  from  lack  of  exercise.  A  man  may  not 
weep  for  half  a  century  and  yet  should  the  occasion  arise 
to  cause  him  to  weep  he  would  find  himself  capable  of 
shedding  tears  as  readily  as  anyone  else.  His  tear  glands 
would  not  have  lost  their  function  from  lack  of  exercise. 
A  woman  may  bear  and  nurse  a  child  in  her  teens  and 
not  have  another  for  twenty  or  twenty-five  years  and  yet 
be  able  to  nurse  the  second  as  readily  as  the  first.  Her 
milk  glands  will  not  have  lost  their  function.  A  stallion 
may  not  have  opportunity  to  exercise  his  sex  function  for 
many  years  from  birth  up  without  decline  of  his  pro- 
creative  power.  The  same  is  true  of  man.  The  function 
of  the  testes  is  not  impaired  for  want  of  voluntary  exer- 
cise. On  the  other  hand,  their  function  is  often  seriously 
impaired  by  premature  or  excessive  exercise. 

12 


Though  the  sex  function  may  never  be  voluntarily 
exercised,  the  sex  organs  do  not  remain  wholly  inactive. 
The  testes  have  a  double  function  to  perform:  one,  the 
elaboration  of  the  so-called  "spermine"  or  internal  secre- 
tion which  is  poured  into  the  blood  and  upon  which  are 
dependent  the  development  and  maintenance  of  the 
physical  and  mental  male  characteristics  embraced  in  the 
term  "virility."  The  other  is  the  production  of  "sper- 
matozoa" or  sperm  cells,  which  are  the  vital  constituents 
of  the  semen.  The  secretion  of  spermine  is  going  on  all 
the  time,  independent  of  the  voluntary  exercise  of  the  sex 
function.  The  spermatozoa  are  liberated  under  sexual 
excitement  only.  But  in  practically  all  normal  men  there 
occurs  from  time  to  time,  at  least,  momentary  sexual 
stimulation  in  which  spermatozoa  are  to  some  extent 
liberated.  Furthermore,  it  is  characteristic  of  a  pair  of 
the  accessory  sexual  glands,  the  seminal  vesicles,  to 
secrete  their  product  all  the  time  and  become  periodically 
filled  and  distended  with  their  contents.  This  period  of 
distension  is  likely  to  be  also  the  period  of  most  intense 
sexual  desire.  Nature  provides  relief  by  emptying  the 
vesicles,  usually  while  the  person  is  asleep.  We  therefore 
call  the  phenomenon  a  nocturnal  emission  or  "wet 
dream."  Preceding  the  emission  there  occurs  as  a  rule 
a  period  of  involuntarj''  sexual  excitement  associated  with 
an  erotic  dream,  in  which  the  testes  become  more  or  less 
active  and  to  some  extent  liberate  spermatozoa.  There 
is  no  evidence  of  decline  of  procreative  power  in  the 
absence  of  voluntary  exercise  of  the  sexual  function. 
But  so  far  as  functional  activity  of  the  sex  glands  may 
have  any  bearing  on  the  preservation  of  their  integrity, 
nature  has  carefully  provided  for  such  activity  inde- 
pendent of  the  voluntary  act. 

13 


In  seeking  to  correct  the  erroneous  beliefs  about  the 
sex  function  prevalent  in  the  minds  of  young  men,  the 
writer  undertook  to  bring  together  the  testimony  of  the 
foremost  medical  authorities  of  the  United  States  on  the 
question.  He  drew  up  a  statement  regarding  sexual 
continence,  and  submitted  it  to  leading  physiologists  for 
criticism  so  as  to  bring  its  phraseology  wholly  within  the 
requirements  of  scientific  precision.  It  was  then  sub- 
mitted for  endorsement  to  leading  medical  authorities  and 
foremost  physicians  throughout  the  country.  The  aim 
was  to  secure  the  expression  of  the  most  representative 
physicians  of  the  United  States  on  this  subject.  The 
ready  and  hearty  response  of  370  of  these  men  in  endors- 
ing the  declaration  leaves  no  doubt  as  to  the  conviction  of 
the  leading  men  of  the  medical  profession  on  this  ques- 
tion.    The  declaration  is  as  follows: 

In  view  of  the  individual  and  social  dangers  which 
spring  from  the  widespread  belief  that  continence 
may  be  detrimental  to  health,  and  of  the  fact  that 
municipal  toleration  of  prostitution  is  sometimes 
defended  on  the  ground  that  sexual  indulgence  is 
necessary,  we,  the  undersigned,  members  of  the 
medical  profession,  testify  to  our  belief  that  conti- 
nence lias  not  been  shown  to  be  detrimental  to 
health  or  virility;  that  there  is  no  evidence  of  its 
being  inconsistent  with  the  highest  physical,  mental 
and  moral  efficiency ;  and  that  it  offers  the  only  sure 
reliance  for  sexual  health  outside  of  marriage. 

We  give  here  the  names  and  titles  of  the  first  twelve 
physicians  who  signed  the  declaration.  The  entire  list 
is  found  beginning  on  page  25. 

14 


Abraham  Jacobi^  M.D. 

President,  American  Medical  Association. 
Professor  Diseases  of  Children,  Emeritus,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  City. 

WiUiam  M.  Polk,  M.D. 

President,  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine. 
Dean  of  Cornell  University  Medical  College. 
Visiting   Surgeon,    Bellevue   Hospital,   New    York 
City. 

Walter  B.  Cannon_,  M.D. 

Professor  Physiology  in  Harvard  University. 

Henry  A.  Christian,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Medicine  in  Harvard  University,  and 
Physician-in-Chief  to  the  Peter  Bent  Brigham 
Hospital,  Boston. 

Theodore  C.  Janeway,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Medicine  in  the  College  of  Physicians 

and  Surgeons,  New  York  City. 
Visiting  Physician  at  the  Presbyterian  Hospital,  and 
member  of  the  Board  of  Scientific  Directors  of  the 
Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical  Research. 

William  S.  Thayer,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  Baltimore. 

Homer  F.  Swift,  M.D. 

Resident  Physician  of  the  Hospital  of  the  Rocke- 
feller Institute  for  Medical  Research,  New  York 
City. 

J.  W.  T.  Finney,  M.D. 

Professor  Clinical  Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity, Baltimore. 

15 


John  J.  Abel,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Pharmacology  in  the  Johns  Hopkins 
Medical  School,  Baltimore. 

W.  H.  Howell. 

Professor  of  Physiology,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
Baltimore. 

Howard  A.  Kelly,  M.D. 

Professor   Gynecological   Surgery,  Johns   Hopkins 
University,  Baltimore. 

John  Howland,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Pcediatrics,  Dept.  of  Medicine,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  Baltimore. 

Another  false  teaching  largely  circulated  among  young 
men  is  that  the  sexual  impulse  in  men  is  so  imperious 
that  it  cannot  be  controlled,  and  that,  therefore,  a  life 
of  chastity  for  the  average  young  man  is  impossible.  Dr. 
Prince  A.  Morrow  says:*  "The  experience  of  specialists 
shows  that  it  is  not  the  strongly  sexed  and  most  virile 
men  who  are  most  given  to  licentiousness,  but  those 
whose  sexual  organs  have  been  rendered  weak  and  irri- 
table by  unnatural  exercise,  in  whom  the  habit  of  sensual 
indulgence  has  been  set  up,  and  in  whom  self-control  has 
not  been  developed  by  exercise,  or  the  will  power  weak- 
ened. These  sexual  weaklings  yield  to  sensual  impulses 
which  the  normally  strong  feel  but  repress." 

It  is  not  the  man  who  resolutely  lives  the  continent 
life  who  finds  the  task  most  difficult,  but  it  is  the  man  who 
has  aroused  his  sex  nature  by  abnormal  sexual  experi- 
ences and  the  man  who  habitually  allows  his  imagination 


•"Health  and  the  Hygiene  of  Sex."    Prince  A.  Morrow,  M.D.    Society 
of  Sanitary  and  Moral  Prophylaxis,  New  York. 

16 


to  play  upon  sexually  stimulating  images.  The  man  who 
lives  the  continent  life,  who  schools  himself  not  to  allow 
his  imagination  to  dwell  upon  sexual  images,  who  meets 
every  sexual  temptation  on  the  instant  by  diverting  his 
thoughts  to  pure  and  worthy  subjects — the  man  who 
keeps  his  sex  life  related  in  his  thoughts  to  high  ideals, 
noble  sentiments  and  deep  responsibilities — reduces  his 
sex  problem  to  the  minimum  and  wins  thereby  an  intel- 
lectual and  moral  liberty,  a  power  of  concentration  upon 
great  tasks,  which  is  unknown  to  the  man  who  seeks  to 
solve  his  sex  problem  by  occasional  sexual  indulgence. 
The  latter  finds  that  the  play  of  his  imagination  stimu- 
lated by  his  experiences  keeps  sex  thoughts  and  sex 
impulses  so  much  in  the  foreground  as  to  keep  him  in  a 
state  of  intellectual  and  moral  confusion.  He  sooner  or 
later  becomes  a  weak-willed  slave.  In  a  recent  letter 
from  a  junior  in  a  university  was  this  pitiful  confession: 
"I  have  about  become  reconciled  to  never  being  more  than 
a  60  per  cent  man."  Here  was  a  student  conscious  of 
ability  to  be  a  100  per  cent  man,  in  his  better  moments 
naturally  a  man  of  high  ideals  and  ambitions,  but  seem- 
ingly robbed  of  the  possibility  of  realizing  them  by  the 
demoralization  introduced  into  his  life  by  the  habit  of 
seeking  to  solve  his  sex  problem  by  occasional  secret 
indulgence.  In  this  as  in  every  other  realm  true  liberty 
can  be  found  not  in  license,  but  in  willing  obedience  to 
law. 

The  fact  that  the  sexual  impulse  like  any  other  natural 
impulse  can  be  controlled  is  best  proven  by  the  fact  that 
many  men  do  control  it.  The  asceticism  of  the  Middle 
Ages  has  abundantly  demonstrated  the  possibility  of 
subjecting  the  animal  instincts  to  the  control  of  the 
higher  faculties.     The  Catholic  clergy  today  are  demon- 

17 


strating  the  same  possibility;  not  only  the  possibility  of 
young  men  leading  continent  lives  until  age  or  circum- 
stances shall  render  marriage  feasible^  but  the  possibility 
of  abstaining  from  indulging  the  sexual  impulse  through- 
out life.  However,  we  need  not  go  to  unusual  conditions 
of  life  for  proof.  In  every  walk  of  life,  everywhere 
there  is  a  considerable  proportion  of  men,  strong 
robust,  virile  fellows,  who  do  control  the  sex  impulse, 
lead  absolutely  chaste  lives,  and  do  not  find  the  task  an 
unbearable  burden. 

The  fallacy  of  the  argument  of  the  imperiousness  of 
the  sexual  impulse  is  again  shown  by  our  attitude  toward 
woman.  Womanhood  outside  of  marriage  does  not 
demand  any  concessions  from  society  regarding  the  sex 
life.  Woman  expects  to  control  her  sex  impulses  and 
does  control  them  and  every  self-respecting  man  expects 
and  demands  that  she  do  so.  It  is  true  that  in  the 
majority  of  women  the  sex  impulse  is  comparatively 
quiescent.  But  there  is  a  considerable  proportion  of 
women  in  whom  it  is  as  strong  as  it  is  in  most  men;  yet 
we  make  no  allowance  for  these.  We  demand  that  ALL 
women,  outside  of  marriage,  shall  lead  sexually  continent 
lives. 

One  more  consideration.  No  man  who  believes  in  a 
divine  order  in  the  universe  can  believe  that  an  all-wise 
Creator  has  endowed  man  with  a  function  which  in  his 
interest  must  be  exercised  to  the  degradation  of  woman- 
hood and  the  destruction  of  the  social  order. 

The  double  standard  of  morality  so  largely  acquiesced 
in  by  society  today — a  standard  which  demands  absolute 
chastity  of  woman  but  grants  liberty  from  restraint  to 
man — is  a  relic  of  barbarism.  It  marks  one  of  the  most 
backward  steps  in  social  evolution.     But  there  are  many 

18 


healthy  signs  of  the  awakening  of  a  new  public  con- 
science on  this  question  and  the  day  is  probably  not  very 
far  distant  when  the  standard  of  morality  binding  upon 
woman  will  be  held  equally  binding  upon  man.  This 
will  be  brought  about  largely  by  the  women  themselves. 
With  the  new  movement  for  the  frank  discussion  of  sex 
problems  and  for  including  the  subject  of  sex  in  the 
educational  program  of  the  home  and  the  school,  women 
are  rapidly  becoming  better  informed  about  the  injustice 
of  the  double  standard  and  its  terrible  consequences  to 
the  family  and  to  society  generally.  And  with  the  grow- 
ing movement  for  the  independence  of  woman_,  she  will 
come  to  expect  and  demand  that  when  she  meets  her 
beloved  at  the  marriage  altar,  mutually  to  pledge  eternal 
fidelity,  he  will  bring  to  her  the  same  purity  of  body  and 
soul  that  she  brings  to  him  and  which  he  expects  and 
demands  of  her,  and  she  will  become  increasingly  careful 
to  be  sure  of  the  facts  beforehand. 

To  allow  the  demand  for  the  establishing  of  a  single 
standard  of  morality  to  proceed  wholly  or  chiefly  from 
the  women  would  be  a  serious  reflection  upon  the  man- 
hood of  America.  The  traditional  attitude  of  society 
toward  the  double  standard  should  be  a  challenge  to 
every  self-respecting  man,  by  personal  example  and  by 
his  influence,  to  hit  that  standard  square  between  the 
eyes.  This  challenge  comes  with  special  force  to  the  col- 
lege man,  for  society  has  a  right  to  look  to  him  to  be  a 
leader  in  the  world's  life,  to  set  aside  that  which  is  out- 
worn, inadequate  or  low  and  set  up  that  which  the  best 
intelligence  and  conscience  of  the  time  demand. 

In  the  human  species  the  normal  sexual  act,  aside  from 
its  procreative  function,  is  a  love  act,  associated  with  the 
noblest  sentiments,  the  finest  feelings,  and  the  highest 

19 


qualities  which  belong  to  human  love.  Considered  in  its 
relation  to  the  whole  life  of  the  individual,  physical, 
psychic,  spiritual,  and  social,  as  it  must  be,  the  act  be- 
comes abnormal  and  degrading  in  just  so  far  as  it  is 
dissociated  from  true  marital  love  and  becomes  an  act 
of  mere  sense  gratification.  Any  indulgence  of  the 
sexual  impulse,  outside  of  wedlock,  must  always  be 
debasing  to  manhood,  and  it  involves  social  responsi- 
bilities which  no  man  has  a  right  to  assume.  Much  of 
sexual  indulgence  in  wedlock  today,  too,  is  abnormal  and 
degrading,  since  it  is  wholly  on  the  physical  plane.  The 
results  are  largely  shown  in  the  records  of  our  divorce 
courts.  Sexuality  divorced  from  real  love  can  never  be 
a  lasting  or  satisfying  marital  bond. 

Let  it  not  be  supposed  by  anyone  that  the  requirements 
of  a  sexually  continent  life  fall  upon  the  unmarried 
man  alone.  In  every  normal  marriage  relation  there 
are  periods  ranging  from  a  week  to  many  months  and 
in  some  cases  even  years,  when  the  husband  must 
abstain  from  sexual  intercourse  if  he  would  be  a  man  and 
conserve  the  welfare  of  his  wife  and  offspring.  Not  only 
must  the  married  man  abstain  from  sexual  indulgence 
during  varying  periods  of  time,  but  at  all  times  the  sex 
life  must  be  governed  by  reason  and  consideration.  In 
the  majority  of  cases  it  requires  the  exercise  of  no  little 
will  and  restraint  to  keep  indulgence  within  due  limits 
of  moderation,  especially  during  the  early  years  of 
married  life.  The  man  who  before  marriage  has  con- 
stantly trained  himself  in  self-restraint  will  not  find  the 
task  of  playing  the  part  of  a  manly  man  in  marriage  too 
difficult.  On  the  other  hand,  few  who  have  not  learned 
self-control  before  marriage  do  so  after  marriage.  It  is 
known  that  of  the  men  who  visit  houses  of  prostitution 

20 


fully  half  are  married  men.  Although  they  come  from 
all  walks  of  life,  they  come  chiefly  from  the  ranks  of 
those  who  were  accustomed  to  indulge  their  sex  nature 
before  marriage.  With  many  of  these  men  adultery  is 
not  a  matter  of  deliberate  and  conscienceless  choice. 
They  are  driven  to  it  against  their  better  judgment,  their 
higher  ideals,  and  their  deeper  selves,  because  in  them 
the  habit  of  seeking  unnatural  sex  experience  has  become 
ingrained  in  their  very  nervous  structure  and  the  facul- 
ties for  self-restraint  have  not  been  developed  by  con- 
sistent exercise.  They  become  weak-willed  slaves,  and 
for  most  men  leading  such  a  double  life,  conscience  makes 
of  it  a  living  hell. 

The  iight  for  chastity  is  not  an  easy  one,  but  its 
rewards  are  surpassingly  great.  Chastity,  if  it  is  real,  in 
thinking  as  well  as  in  act,  makes  for  robust  physical 
health  and  abounding  vitality,  for  intellectual  and  moral 
liberty,  for  a  deep,  bracing  self-respect,  and  for  a  sense 
of  self-mastery  which  is  the  crowning  glory  of  the  manly 
man.  Even  greater  is  the  young  man's  reward  in  the 
consciousness  of  bringing  to  the  marriage  altar  a  body 
and  soul  as  pure  as  that  of  his  bride,  of  being  able  to  pass 
on  to  his  children  an  inheritance  free  from  taint  of 
disease  or  weakening  tendencies,  and  of  having  done  his 
part  to  keep  the  germ-plasm — his  representative  to  all 
future  generations  of  the  human  race — on  the  up-grade. 

In  the  fight  for  character  as  it  touches  the  sex-life 
there  is  no  aristocracy.  Every  normal  man  has  his  fight. 
It  is  only  a  question  whether  he  is  playing  the  coward 
and  compromising  with  the  enemy,  or  through  a  con- 
sistent fight  acquiring  ruggedness  and  resistance  in  every 
fibre  of  his  being  and  that  sense  of  self-mastery  which 
gives  spring  to  the  step,  fire  to  the  eye,  grip  to  the  will, 

21 


and  the  joy  of  real  life  to  the  soul.  It  is  a  question  of 
sexual  love  sensualized  or  spiritualized. 

This  supreme  fight  is  a  fight  of  the  whole  man — ^body, 
mind^  and  spirit.  Intellect  and  spirit  are  limited  by 
physical  states.  The  physical  passions  clamor  most 
loudly  for  gratification  in  the  physically  weak.  It  is 
when  energies  are  low  and  nerves  jaded  that  the  lower 
man  most  easily  springs  into  control.  Flabby  muscles  go 
with  a  weak  will  and  a  bad  stomach  cuts  the  nerve  of 
spiritual  aspiration.  A  weak,  abused,  ill-kept  body  is  a 
tremendous  handicap  in  leading  a  clean  life.  An 
immense  amount  of  immorality  has  its  roots  in  sheer  lazi- 
ness. The  athlete  to  succeed  must  train  consistently  and 
hard  and  gain  power  by  self-denial  and  struggle  against 
resistance.  No  less  must  the  man  who  would  excel  in 
manhood  train  his  body  to  be  the  efficient  and  obedient 
servant  of  the  soul.  Infinitely  greater  is  the  incentive 
and  the  stake.  The  body  at  its  best  is  the  first  essential 
in  the  fight  for  character. 

The  real  battle-ground  of  temptation  lies  in  the  mind. 
The  average  environment  is  full  of  the  sexually  sug- 
gestive. No  man  can  escape  it.  But  he  can  rob  it  of 
power.  To  influence  him  it  must  gain  his  attention  and 
the  consent  of  his  will.  He  can  refuse  it  both.  But  he 
must  do  it  positively,  not  negatively;  not  by  saying  "I 
will  not  think  of  this,"  but  by  keeping  his  thoughts  so 
fixed  upon  the  wholesome,  pure,  and  bracing  that  the 
debasing  can  make  no  appeal.  The  man  has  slim 
chance  against  the  fascinations  of  impurity  who  does 
not  fill  his  life  with  great  enthusiasms  and  compelling 
interests  beside  which  the  appeal  of  the  lustful  must  be 
as  the  appeal  of  cheap  and  gaudy  tinsel.  The  life  of 
great  rich  content  is  the  life  best  fortified  against  the 

22 


unworthy  sexual  appeal.  Such  a  life  content  must  be 
achieved  by  persistent  living  in  conscious  presence  of 
and  feeding  upon  that  which  lifts^  braces,  and  inspires. 
Great  books,  great  pictures,  great  music,  great  person- 
alities— such  things,  culminating  in  great  meditation  and 
great  service,  are  the  making  of  the  impregnable  life. 

The  most  demoralizing,  paralyzing,  enslaving  habit  in 
the  life  of  a  man  is  that  of  an  unrestrained  and  lustful 
imagination.  Psychology  shows  us  that  the  man  who 
allows  his  mind  to  dwell  upon  the  sexually  suggestive 
starts  a  process  vividly  portrayed  in  the  words  of  Saint 
Augustine:  "A  look,  a  picture,  a  fascination,  a  fall." 
Many  a  man  starts  with  "a  little  harmless  romancing," 
he  thinks.  He  does  not  intend  to  give  way  to  an  unmanly 
act.  But  the  picture  fascinates  him  and  he  plays  with 
it  a  bit.  He  forgets  the  close  connection  between  psycho- 
logic processes  and  the  physiologic  functions  of  the  sex 
organs.  He  finds  that  having  opened  the  sluice-gate  a 
crack  he  has  not  the  strength  to  close  it  again  and  the 
flood  overwhelms  him.  At  the  beginning  a  little  "harm- 
less romancing,"  at  the  end  his  birthright  sold  for  a  mess 
of  pottage.  Many  men  who  because  of  fear  or  other 
restraints  never  give  way  to  an  outward  sexual  act  are 
yet  absolute  profligates  in  their  thinking,  sapping  the 
best  energies  and  destroying  the  finer  sensibilities  of 
their  manhood.  No  man  need  anticipate  a  hell  more 
terrible  than  that  which  conscience  makes  for  the  man 
conscious  of  capacities  for  a  great  achieving  life  but 
robbed  of  that  capacity  by  a  mental  habit  that  deprives 
him  of  the  power  of  application  and  resistance  and  brings 
confusion  into  every  aspect  of  his  life.  No  man  can 
afford  to  lend  his  imagination  for  an  instant  to  trifling 
with  sexual  temptation. 

23 


What  is  the  alternative?  Is  it  to  repress  the  imagina- 
tion ?  Far  from  it ;  it  is  the  most  productive  gift  of  man. 
But  he  must  control  it  and  direct  it  into  high  and  useful 
channels.  Instead  of  letting  it  drift  about  on  a  trackless 
and  dangerous  sea,  let  him  harness  and  compel  it  into 
channels  of  great  and  worthy  interests,  linked  up  to  his 
best  powers  for  a  life  of  useful  achievement.  How 
immeasurably  enriched  the  world  would  be  in  achieve- 
ment and  character  if  the  rampant  imagination  of  men 
were  directed  into  productive  channels.  To  fill  the  life 
with  great  compelling  interests  and  to  train  the  mind  to 
positive  and  productive  thinking  on  a  higher  plane  is  the 
second  essential  in  the  fight  for  character  in  relation  to 
the  sex  life. 

To  all  the  above  every  sane  and  self-respecting  man 
will  assent.  It  is  sense ;  it  is  science.  But  the  man  with 
unaided  will  is  heard  to  cry  out  with  Paul:  "To  will  is 
present  with  me  but  to  do  that  which  is  good  is  not.  For 
the  good  which  I  would  I  do  not;  but  the  evil  which  I 
would  not,  that  I  practice."  Listen  to  this  iron- willed 
fighter  of  old !  "Wretched  man  that  I  am !  who  shall 
deliver  me  out  of  the  body  of  this  death  .^"  A  cry  of 
despair  and  defeat,  do  you  say.^*  Listen  to  his  answer. 
"I  thank  God  through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord."  That 
was  Paul's  solution  and  victory,  and  it  has  been  the  deep- 
est and  completest  solution  of  man's  fight  for  character  in 
all  the  ages  and  is  today.  The  man  who  would  achieve 
mastery  over  self  must  lay  hold  of  the  most  powerful 
motives.  The  most  pervasive,  most  compelling,  most  con- 
quering motive  is  that  which  actuates  the  sincerely  and 
deeply  religious  life.  No  other  motive  so  grips  and 
steadies  "the  psychological  center  whence  all  the  virtues 
radiate."    "The  expulsive  power  of  a  new  affection" — as 

24 


Chalmers  has  put  it — drives  the  base  impulse  from  the 
control  of  life  and  seats  upon  its  throne  a  victorious  Lord. 
Open  your  life  to  the  infinite  God  and  take  him  as  "The 
great  Companion"  to  compel  your  affection^  and  as  Lord 
and  Master  to  inspire  obedience  and  He  will  bring  to  the 
feeble  will  a  new  dynamic  unknown  before  and  all-suf- 
ficient. All  life  will  then  be  interpreted  in  new  terms 
and  seen  in  true  perspective.  The  sex  life  will  become 
righty  realted  to  character,  to  responsibility,  and  to 
God's  eternal  purpose.  On  the  basis  of  scientific  pro- 
cedure the  deepest  and  completest  solution  of  a  man's  sex 
problem  lies  in  vital,  personal  relationship  to  the  infinite 
and  eternal  God. 

Abraham  Jacobi,  M.D. 

President,  American  Medical  Association. 
Professor    Diseases    of    Children,    Emeritus,    College    of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  City. 

WiUiam  M.  Polk,  M.D. 

President,  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine. 
Dean  of  Cornell  University  Medical  College. 
Visiting  Surgeon  Bellevue  Hospital,  Neio  York  City. 

Walter  B.  Cannon,  M.D. 

Professor  Physiology  in  Harvard  University. 
Henry  A.  Christian,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Medicine  in  Harvard  University,  and  Physi- 
cian-in-Chief    to    the    Peter    Bent    Brigham    Hospital, 
Boston. 
Theodore  C.  Janeway,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Medicine  in    the   College   of  Physicians   and 

Surgeons,  New  York  City. 
Visiting    Physician    at    the    Presbyterian    Hospital,    and 
Member   of    the    Board    of   Scientific   Directors    of    the 
Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical  Research. 
WiUiam  S.  Thayer,  M.D. 

Professor   of   Clinical   Medicine   in   Johns   Hopkins    Uni- 
versity, Baltimore. 
Homer  F.  Swift,  M.D. 

Resident   Physician    of    the    Hospital    of    the   Rockefeller 
Institute  for  Medical  Research,  New  York  City. 

25 


J.  W.  T.  Finney,  M.D. 

Professor    Clinical    Surgery,    Johns    Hopkins    University, 
Baltimore. 

John  J.  Abel,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Pharmacology  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity, Baltimore. 

W.  H.  Howell,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Physiology,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Balti- 
more. 
Howard  A.  Kelly,  M.D. 

Professor    Gynecological    Surgery,    Johns    Hopkins    Uni- 
versity, Baltimore. 
John  Howland,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Pcediatrics,  Department  of  Medicine,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  Baltimore. 

Adolf  Meyer,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Psychiatry,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Balti- 
more. 
Ronald  T.  Abercrombie,  M.D. 

Director   of   the   Gymnasium,  Johns  Hopkins    University, 
Baltimore. 
Julius  Friedenwald,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Gastro-Enterology,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Baltimore. 
Randolph  Winslow,  M.D. 

Professor  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland. 

A.  C.  Pole,  M.D. 

Professor  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  College. 

Emil  Novak,  M.D. 

Associate    Professor    Gynecology,    College    of    Physicians 

and  Surgeons. 
Associate  Gynecologist  to  Mercy  Hospital. 
Secretary,  Baltimore  City  Medical  Society. 

C.  W.  MitcheU,  M.D. 

Professor    Diseases    of    Children    and    Clinical    Medicine, 
University  of  Maryland. 

John  M.  Dadson,  M.D. 

Dean  Medical  Students,  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago. 

Frank  Billings,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Medicine,  University  of  Chicago. 
Professor  of  Medicine  and  Dean  of  Faculty,  Ru^h  Medical 
College,  Chicago. 

26 


Sydney  Kuh,  M.D. 

Associate  Professor  Nervous  and  Mental  Diseases,  Rush 
Medical  College,  Chicago. 

Edwin  W.  Ryerson,  M.D. 

Assistant  Professor  Surgery,  Rush  Medical  College. 
Professor  Orthopedic  Surgery,  Chicago  Policlinic. 
J.  Clarence  Webster,  M.D. 

Professor    of    Obstetrics    and    Gynecology,   Rush    Medical 
College,  Chicago. 
Alexander  C.  Soper,  Jr.,  M.D. 

Assistant   Professor  Diseases   of  Children,   Rush  Medical 
College,   Chicago. 
Mary  G.  McEwen,  M.D. 

Professor  Clinical  Gynecology,  Medical  Department,  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois. 
G.  H.  VanDyke,  M.D. 

Clinical  Instructor   in   Gynecology,   Medical  Department, 
University   of  Illinois, 
Clara  P.  Seippel,  M.D. 

Assistant  City  Physician,  Chicago. 

Instructor  in  Gynecology,  Medical  Department,  University 

of  Illinois. 
Physician  in  charge  Frances  Juvenile  Home. 
William  E.  Quine,  M.D. 

Dean   and   Professor   of   Medicine,   Medical   Department, 
University   of  Illinois. 
G.  Frank  Lydston,  M.D. 

Professor  Medical  Department,  University  of  Illinois. 
Charles  S.  Bacon,  M.D. 

Professor  Obstetrics,  Medical  Department,   University  of 
Illinois,  and  Chicago  Policlinic. 
R.  D.  C.  MacArthur,  M.D. 

Professor  Skin  and  Venereal  Diseases,  Presbyterian  Hos- 
pital and  Policlinic,  Chicago. 
Winfield  S.  HaU,  M.S.,  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Physiology,  Northwestern  University. 
Lecturer  on  Dietetics,  Mercy  Hospital  and  Wesley  Hos- 
pital, Chicago. 
Lecturer   on  Physical  Exercising,  Institute   and   Training 
School,  Chicago. 
L.  Joseph  D.  Zeigler,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Skin  and   Venereal  Diseases,  Northwestern 
University,  Chicago. 

27 


E.  Condley,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Gynecology,  Northwestern  University  Medical 
School,  Chicago. 
Joseph  B.  DeLee,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Northwestern  University  Medical 
School,  Chicago. 

George  W.  Webster,  M.D. 

President,  Illinois  State  Board  of  Health. 

W.  A.  Bryan,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Professor    of    Surgery    and    Clinical   Surgery,    Vanderbilt 
University,  Nashville. 
W.  E.  Hibben,  M.D. 

Public  Health  Ofjicer,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Professor  of  Preventive  Medicines,  Vanderbilt  University, 

M.  H.  Witt,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Medicine,   Vanderbilt   University,  Nashville. 

J.  T.  Altraan,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Vanderbilt  University,  Nashville. 

William  Litterer,  A.M.,  Ph.C,  M.D. 

Professor    Histology,    Bacteriology,    Pathology,    Medical 
Department,  Vanderbilt  University,  Nashville. 
Ray  Lyman  Wilbur,  M.D. 

Executive  Head,  Stanford  University  Medical  Department. 

Stanley  Stillman,  M.D. 

Professor  Surgery,  Stanford   University  Medical  Depart- 
ment. 
S.  J.  Hunkill. 

University  of  California. 

William  Pepper,  M.D. 

Dean  of  Medical  School,  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
George  A.  Piersol,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Allen  J.  Smith,  M.D. 

Professor  Pathology,   University  of  Pennsylvania. 
R.  Tait  McKenzie,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Physical  Education,   University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 
Dean  W.  Myers,  M.D. 

Professor  in  University  of  Michigan. 
V.  C.  Vaughan,  M.D.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D. 

Dean  Department  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  University  of 
Missouri. 

28 


Alfred  Scott  Warthin,  M.D.,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  Pathology  and  Director  of  Pathological 
Laboratories,  University  of  Michigan. 

W.  B.  Hinsdale,  M.S.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Dean  Homeopathic  Medical  College,  University  of  Michi- 
gan. 

Dean  T.  Smith,  B.Sc,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Surgery,  University  of  Michigan. 

G.  Carl  Huhn,  M.D. 

Professor   of   Histology   and   Embryology,    University    of 

Michigan. 
Director  of  the  Histological  Laboratory. 

J.  George  Adami,  M.D.,  Sc.D.,  F.R.S. 

Professor  of  Pathology  and  Bacteriology,  McGill  Univer- 
sity,   Montreal. 

W.  W.  Chipman,  M.D.,  F.R.C.S.   (Edinburgh). 

Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Gynecology,  McGill  Univer- 
sity, Montreal. 

W.  W.  Kerr,  A.M.,  M.B.C.M.  (Edinburgh). 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine,  University  of  California. 

Herbert  C.  Moffit,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Medicine,  University  of  California. 
Physician  to  the  University  of  California  Hospital. 

G.  F.  Reinhardt,  M.D. 

University  of  California. 

Thomas  W.  Huntington,  M.D. 
San  Francisco. 

R.  L.  Rigdon,  M.D. 

Clinical  Professor  Genito-Urinary  Diseases,  Medical 
Department,  Stanford  University. 

James  R.  Hayden,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Genito-Urinury  Diseases,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  {Columbia  University),  New  York 
City. 

Attending  Surgeon  to  Bellevue  Hospital. 

Frank  W.  Jackson,  M.D. 

Professor   Clinical   Medicine,    College    of    Physicians    and 

Surgeons. 
Consulting  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Attending  Physician,  Roosevelt  Hospital,  New  York  City. 

29 


Samuel  W.  Lambert,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Applied  Therapeutics. 

Dean  of  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New   York 
City. 

Prince  A.  Morrow,  M.D. 

Emeritus    Professor    of    Genito- Urinary    Diseases    in    the 

University  and  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  New 

York  City. 
President,  Society  of  Sanitary  and  Moral  Prophylaxis. 
President,  American  Federation  for  Sex  Hygiene. 

George  T.  Jackson,  M.D. 

Professor   Dermatology,   College   of  Physicians   and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  City. 

Charles  McBurney,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Surgery,  Emeritus,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  City. 

Robert  H.  M.  Dawbarn,  M.D. 

Professor  Clinical  Surgery,  Fordham    University  Medical 

School  of  Science. 
Visiting  Surgeon,  New  York  City  Hospital. 
Emeritus  Professor  Surgery,  New  York  Polyclinic  Medical 

School. 

Henry  D wight  Chapin,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children  at  the  New  York  Post- 
Oraduate  Medical  School  and  Hospital. 

DeWitt  Y.  Wilcox,  M.D. 

Lecturer  on  Surgery,  Boston  University  School  of  Medi- 
cine. 
Editor,  New  England  Medical  Gazette. 

W.  Stewart  Whittemore,  M.D. 

Assistant  in  Anatomy,  Harvard  Medical  School. 

Richard  Olding  Beard,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Physiology,  University  of  Minnesota. 

John  T.  Rogers,  M.D. 

Clinical  Professor  Surgery,  University  of  Minnesota. 

Burnside  Foster,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Dermatology  and  Syphilology. 
Lecturer  on  the  History  of  Medicine,  University  of  Minne- 
sota. 
Editor  of  St.  Paul  Medical  Journal. 

30 


S.  Mark  White,  M.D. 

Associate   Professor  of  Medicine   and  Assistant   Chief  of 

Clinic  in  Medical  College,  University  of  Minnesota. 
Attending  Physician,  Northwestern  Hospital. 
Past  President,  Minnesota  Academy  of  Medicine. 

Jennings  C.  Litzenberg,  M.D. 

Associate  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Gynecology. 
Chief  of  Staff  of  Out-Patient  Department,   University  of 
Minnesota  Hospital. 

John  F.  WTiitbeck,  M.D. 

President,  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

James  T.  Gunthmey,  M.D.,  New  York  City. 

George  W.  Draper. 

Assistant  Attending  Physician  Presbyterian  Hospital,  New 

York   City. 
Attending  Physician,  New  York  Ortheopcedic  Hospital. 

Henry  G.  Webster,  M.D. 

Visiting  Physician,  Methodist  Episcopal  Hospital,  Brook- 
lyn. 
Editor,  Long  Island  Medical  Journal. 
Surgeon,  New  York  Police  Department. 

Mary  M.  Crawford,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Assistant  Gynecologist  at  WilUamsburgh  Hospital. 

Walter  B.  James,  M.D.,  New  York  City. 

Robert  L.  Dickinson,  M.D.,  Brooklyn. 

James  P.  Warbasse,  M.D.,  Brooklyn. 

Jessie  S.  Edwards,  M.D.,  Brooklyn. 

Henry  P.  deForest,  M.D.,  New  York  City. 

George  E.  Gorham,  M.D. 

Attending  Physician,  Albany  Homeopathic  Hospital. 

Samuel  B.  Ward,  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  M.D.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Albert  Van  der  Veer,  M.D. 

Professor  Surgery,  Albany  Medical  College. 
Surgeon-in-Chief ,  Albany  Hospital,  Regent  University  of 
State  of  New  York. 

Arthur  W.  Elting,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Practice  of  Surgery,  Albany  Medical  College. 

WllUam  B.  Jones,  M.D. 

Surgeon  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

31 


E.  H.  Howard,  M.D. 

Superintendent,  State  Hospital,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

George  W.  Teller,  M.D.,  Health  Office,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

J.  R.  Williams,  M.D.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Mathew  D.  Mann,  M.D. 

Professor  Emeritus,   Medical  Department,    University    of 
Buffalo. 

RosweU  Park,  M.D. 

Professor    Surgery,    Medical    Department,    University    of 

Buffalo. 
8urgeon-in-Chief,  Buffalo  General  Hospital. 

Lester  Yeoyn,  M.D. 

Instructor  in  Eugenics  and  Hygiene  in  Centre  for  Social 
Improvement,  Buffalo. 

Frederick  J.  Parmenter,  M.D.,  BuflFalo. 

George  M.  Price,  M.D. 

Professor  Clinical  Surgery,  Syracuse  University,  Syracuse, 

N.  Y. 

J.  M.  Keese,  M.D. 

Vice    President,    Staff    Syracuse    Homeopathic    Hospital, 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Jean  T.  Zimmermann,  M.D. 

Superintendent,  Chicago  Woman's  Shelter. 
Superintendent,    Department    of    Health    and    Heredity, 
Cook  County  and  Chicago  W.  C.  T.  U. 

Harold  N.  Moyer,  M.D.,  Chicago. 

R.  H.  Babcock,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  Chicago. 

Ethel  E.   Hurd,  M.D. 

Chairman  Committee  on  Social  Hygiene,  Chicago. 

David  B.  Penniman,  M.D.,  A.M.,  Rockford,  111. 

W.  A.  Evans,  M.D.,  Chicago. 

Christine  Bergolth,  M.D. 

Visiti7ig  Physician,  Sarah  Hackett  Stevenson  Memorial  for 
Women  and  Children,  Chicago. 

V.  H.  Hallman,  M.D.,  Chicago. 

Ex-President  of  Southwestern  Homeopathic  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. 

Mary  O'Brien  Porter,  M.D.,  Chicago. 

Caroline  Hedger,  M.D.,  Chicago. 

32 


Rachelle  S.  Yarros,  M.D. 

Chairman,  Social  Hygiene  Committee,  General  Federation 
of  Women's  Clubs,  Hull  House,  Chicago. 

Henry  B.  Favill,  M.D.,  Chicago. 

Josephine  E.  Young,  M.D.,  Chicago. 

Charles  Adams,  M.D.,  M.R.C.,  U.S.A.,  Chicago. 

Harriet  C.  B.  Alexander,  B.A.,  M.D.,  Chicago. 

William  H.  Mercur. 

Chairman,   Committee   Public   Health,   A.   C.   M.   Society, 
Chicago. 

J.  H.  Staly,  M.D.,  Freeport,  111. 
James  A.  Britton,  M.D.,  Chicago. 

Homer  M.  Thomas,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Medical  Reserve  Corps,  U.  S.  A.,  Chicago. 
Julia  Holmes  Smith,  M.D.,  Chicago. 
George  B.  Schwachtgen,  M.D.,  Aurora,  111. 

E.  E.  Barbour,  M.D.,  Peoria,  111. 
Perry  H.  Wessel,  M.D. 

City  Physician,  Moline,  III. 
Edward  O.  Olie,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Pulmonary  Diseases  and  Climatology,  Tufts 
Medical  School,  Boston. 

Joel  E.  Goldthwait,  M.D.,  Boston. 
Mark  H.  Rogers,  A.B.,  M.D.,  Boston. 
Marcellus  Reeves,  M.D.,  Boston. 

F.  H.  McCarthy,  M.D.,  Boston. 

C.  M.  Hutchinson,  M.D.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Howard  W.  Beal,  M.D.,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Royal  P.  Watkins,  A.B.,  M.D.,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Henry  L.  McClusky,  M.D.,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Ray  W.  Greene,  M.D. 

Visiting  Physician,  Worcester  City  Hospital,  Mass. 

Consulting  Physician,  Worcester  Memorial  Hospital. 

Walter  C.  Seelye,  M.D.,  Worcester,  Mass. 
William  M.  Jones,  A.B.,  M.D.,  Lowell,  Mass. 

G.  M.  Randall,  B.Sc,  M.D.,  Lowell,  Mass. 

R.  E.  Getelman,  M.D.,  Philadelphia. 

Ralph  Butler,  M.D. 

Nose  and  Throat  Specialist,  Philadelphia. 

33 


Eugene  A.  Case,  M.D.,  Philadelphia. 

Lowell  M.  Gates,  M.S.,  M.D.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

J.  C.  Reifsnyder,  M.D.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

Reed  Burns,  M.D.,  Sc.D.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

J.  L.  Peck,  Ph.B.,  M.S.,  M.D.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

A.  J.  Council,  M.D.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

Thomas  S.  Arbuthnot,  M.D. 

Dean,  Medical  School  of  University  of  Pittsburgh. 

Frederick  A.  Rhodes,  M.D. 

Professor  Physiology,  Dental  and  Pharmacy  Departments, 
University  of  Pittsburgh. 
H.  C.  Hestervelt,  M.D.,  Pittsburgh. 
James  D.  Heard,  M.D.,  Pittsburgh. 
Lawrence  Litchfield,  M.D.,  Pittsburgh. 
D.  J.  E.  Johnston,  M.D.,  Pittsburgh. 

George  M.  Sternberg,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

Surgeon  General  U.  S.  A.  (Retired),  Washington,  D.  C. 

William  C.  Woodward,  M.D. 

Health  Oj^ce,  District  of  Columbia. 

Edward  A.  Balloch,  M.D. 

Dean  and  Professor  Surgery,  Howard   University  School 
of  Medicine,  Washington,  D.  C. 
George  M.  Kober,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

Dean  and  Professor  of  Hygiene  and  Preventive  Medicine, 
Georgetown   University,   Washington,  D.   C. 
Samuel  S.  Adams,  M.D. 

Professor   Theory   and   Practice   of  Medicine   and   of   the 
Diseases    of    Children,    Georgetown    University,    Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 
Gardner  T.  Swartz,  M.D. 

Secretary,  Rhode  Island  State  Board  of  Health. 
Surgeon   to  Department  of  Diseases   of   the  Skin,  Rhode 
Island  Hospital,  Providence. 
Charles  V.  Chapin,  M.D. 

Superintendent  of  Health,  Providence,  R.  I. 
Frank  T.  Fulton. 

Physician  to  Rhode  Island  Hospital,  Providence. 

C.  M.  Church,  M.D. 

President,    Essex    County    Homeopathic   Medical   Society, 

Newark,  N.  J. 
Vice  President,  New  Jersey  State  Homeopathic  Society. 

84 


Carl  Herman  Wintsch,  M.D.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Laban  Dennis,  M.D.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Frank  W.  Pinneo,  M.D. 

Physician  and  Surgeon,  Newark,  N.  J. 

William  S.  Disbrow,  M.D.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Walter  B.  Mount,  M.D. 

Visiting  Physician,  Mountainside  Hospital,  Montclair,  N.  J. 

William  C.  Craig,  M.D.,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 

Richard  Cole  Newton,  M.  D. 

Member  State  Board  of  Health. 

Consulting   Physician,   Mountainside   Hospital,  Montclair, 

N.  J. 

Levi  W.  Halsey,  M.D. 

Member  Board  of  Health,  Montclair,  N.  J. 
Physician,  Mountainside  Hospital. 

G.  H.  Balleray,  M.D.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

O.  R.  Hagen,  M.D.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

P.  S.  Kinne,  M.D.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

Andrew  F.  McBride,  M.D.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

Thomas  A.  Dingman,  M.D.,  Paterson,  N.  J, 

Norman  Hayes  Probasco,  M.D.,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Irwin  H.  Hance,  B.A.,  M.D.,  Lakewood,  N.  J. 

C.  W.  Scarborough,  M.D.,  Madison,  N.  J. 

William  M.  Hepburn,  M.D.,  Freehold,  N.  J. 

Addison  S.  Thayer,  M.D. 

Dean  and  Professor  of  Medicine,  Boicdoin  Medical  School, 
Maine. 

F.  C.  Thayer,  M.D.,  Waterville,  Maine. 

George  C.  Wilkins,  M.D. 

Chief  Surgeon,  Elliott  Hospital,  Manchester,  N.  H. 

Robert  L.  Graves,  M.D. 

Assistant  Physician,  Margaret  Pillsbury  General  Hospital, 
Concord,  N.  H. 

E.  O.  Grossman,  M.D.,  New  Hampshire. 

George  M.  McGregor,  M.D.,  New  Hampshire. 

H.  Tinkham,  M.D. 

Dean  of  Medical  College,  University  of  Vermont. 

35 


Henry  D.  Holton,  M.D. 

For  twelve  years  Secretary  State  Board  of  Health,  Ver- 
mont. 

Don  D.  Grout,  M.D. 

Superintendent,  State  Hospital,  Waterbury,  Vt. 

F.  Thomas  Kidder,  M.D. 

President,  Vermont  State  Medical  Society. 
Trustee  of  University  of  Vermont. 

J.  C.  M.  Floyd,  M.D. 

President,   Ohio   State   Medical  Association,   Steubenville, 
Ohio. 

Stephen  S.  H.  Handerman,  M.D. 

Ex-President,  Ohio  State  Medical  Association. 

Charles  W.  McGarvan,  M.D. 

Associate     Professor     Clinical     Medicine,     Sterling     Ohio 
Medical  College. 

William  D.  Inglis,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Sterling  Ohio  Medical  College. 

Ralph  W.  Holmes,  M.D.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

E.  C.  Brush,  M.D.,  Zanesville,  Ohio. 

E.  O.  Smith,  M.D. 

Professor  Genito-Urinary  Surgery  and  Diseases,  Medical 
Department,  University  of  Cincinnati. 

J.  H.  Landis,  M.D. 
Health  O^cer. 

Professor    Hygiene,    Ohio    Miami    Medical    College,    Cin- 
cinnati. 

E.  A.  Peterson,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Director    Medical    Inspection     and    Physical    Education, 

Cleveland  Public  Schools. 
Board  of  Education,  Cleveland. 

Harris  G.  Sherman,  M.D. 

Ex-Superintendent  Medical  Inspection  Public  Schools. 
Ex-Chairman   Public   Health    and   Sanitation    Committee, 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  Cleveland. 

S.  L.  Bernstein,  M.D. 

Pediatrist,  Mt.  Sinai  Hospital. 

Visiting    Physician,    Infant    Orphans'    Home,    Cleveland. 

A.  B.  Schneider,  M.D. 

Professor  Clinical  Medicine,  Cleveland  Homeopathic  Medi- 
cal College. 

36 


George  W.  Crile,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Surgery,  Western  Reserve  University,  Cleve- 
land. 

Arnold  F.  Furrer,  M.D.,  Cleveland. 

Charles  H.  Hay,  M.D.,  Cleveland. 

C.  F.  Hoover. 

Professor  of  Medicine,  Western  Reserve  University,  Cleve- 
land. 

Webster  S.  Smith,  M.D. 

Chief -of -Staff,  Miami  Valley  Hospital,  Ohio. 

C.  A.  Bonner,  M.D.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

F.  Dale  Barker,  Ph.M.,  M.D.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

R.  A.  McCann,  Physician,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

RoUin  H.  Stevens,  M.D. 

Formerly  Lecturer  on  Dermatology,  Homeopathic  College, 

University  of  Michigan. 
Dermatologist,    Grace    Hospital    and    German    Polyclinic, 
Mich. 

Andrews  C.  Biddle,  M.D. 

Member    of    the    American    Dermatological    Association, 
Mich. 

David  Inglis,  M.D. 

Professor  Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases,  Detroit. 

Charles  W.  Hitchcock,  M.D.,  Detroit. 

George  L.  Chapman,  M.D.,  Toledo. 

J.  C.  Tracy,  M.D.,  Toledo. 

S.  D.  Foster,  M.D.,  Toledo. 

Frank  J.  Born,  M.D. 

Medical  Examiner,  Yale  University. 

A.  R.  Diefendorf,  M.D.,  New  Haven. 

Jay  W.  Seaver,  M.D.,  New  Haven. 

W.  E.  Hartshorn,  M.D.,  Ph.B.,  New  Haven. 

F.  H.  Barnes,  M.D. 

Medical  Superintendent,  Dr.   Barnes'   Sanitarium,   Stam- 
ford, Conn. 

Frank  K.  HaUock,  M.A.,  M.D. 

Medical  Director,  Health  School,  ^'Cromwell  Hall,"  Crom- 
well, Conn. 

37 


Henry  S.  Noble,  M.D. 

Superintendent  Connecticut  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
Middletown. 

S.  B.  Overlock,  M.D.,  Pomfort,  Conn. 
W.  L.  Griswold,  Ph.B.,  M.D.,  Greenwich,  Conn. 
Elias  Pratt,  M.D.,  Torrington,  Conn. 
Herman  Tuholske,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

Late  Professor  of  Surgery,  Missouri  Medical  College. 

Surgeon-in-Chief ,  St.  Louis  Jewish  Hospital,  St.  Louis. 
Cleveland  H.  Shutt,  M.D. 

Hospital  Commissioner,  City  of  St.  Louis. 

Norville  Wallace  Sharpe,  M.D. 

Department  Anatomy,  St.  Louis  University, 
Consulting  Surgeon,  Home  of  Friendless. 
Surgeon,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad. 
William  F.  Kuhn,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases,  Medical  Department,  Uni- 
versity of  Kansas. 
Former  Superintendent,  State  Hospital  No.  Jf,  Farmington, 
Mo.,  and  State  Hospital  No.  2,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

George  C.  Mosher,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Chairman  Kansas  City  Medical  Milk  Commission. 
Obstetrics,  Kansas  City  General  Hospital,  Kansas  City. 

George  Howard  Hoxie,  M.D. 

Physician  to  the  German  Hospital;  formerly  Professor  of 
Internal  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Kansas,  Kansas 
City. 
E.  W.  Schauffler,  M.D. 

Late  Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  Kansas  City 
Medical  College,  and  Medical  Department,  University 
of  Kansas. 

William  J.  Frick,  M.D.,  Kansas  City. 

Andrew  C.  Knox,  A.B.,  M.D.,  Kansas  City. 

H.  L.  Banks,  M.D. 

Consulting  Surgeon,  Levering  Hospital,  Hannibal,  Mo. 

W.  P.  Patterson,  M.D.,  Missouri. 

W.  L.  Brosius,  M.D.,  Missouri. 

Edward  Judson  Busch,  M.D. 

President,  Missouri  Institute  of  Homeopathy. 

Archibald  MacLaren,  M.D. 

Recorder,  American  Surgical  Association,  St.  Paul. 

38 


Henry  Longstreet  Taylor,  M.D. 

Chairman  Minnesota   Tuberculosis   Commission,   St.   Paul. 
W.  B.  Roberts,  B.S.,  M.D.,  Minneapolis. 
Jared  W.  Daniels,  M.D.,  St.  Peter,  Minn. 
G.  O.  Fortney,  B.S.,  M.D.,  Zumbrota,  Minn. 
A.  T.  Conley,  M.D.,  Cannon  Falls,  Minn. 
Edward  H.  Smith,  M.D.,  Bemidji,  Minn. 
Byron  O.  Mork,  Ph.B.,  M.D.,  Worthington,  Minn. 
Frederick  A.  Tucker,  M.D. 

President,  Indiana  State  Board  of  Health. 
Harry    A.    Moore,    M.D. 

Clinical    Professor    of    Genito-Urinary    Surgery,    Indiana 
University,  School  of  Medicine. 

Attending  Surgeon,  Indianapolis  City  Hospital. 
John  H.  Eberwein,  M.D. 

Assistant  Surgeon,  Indiana  Medical  College,  Indianapolis. 
Charles  S.  Woods,  M.D. 

Associate     Professor     of    Hygiene,    Indiana     University, 
School  of  Medicine. 

Formerly  Health  Officer,  City  of  Indianapolis. 

Charles  P.  Emerson,  M.D.,  Indianapolis. 
Charles  N.  Combs,  M.D. 

Secretary,  Indiana  State  Medical  Association. 

Albert  E.  Bulson,  Jr. 

Editor,  The  Journal  of  the  Indiana  State  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. 

Professor   Ophthalmology,  Indiana    University,   School   of 
Medicine. 
Charles  B.  Kerr,  M.D.,  Lafayette,  Ind. 
E.  Evans,  M.D. 

Regent  University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  Wis. 
Charles  Stuart  Sheldon,  M.D. 

Secretary,  State  Medical  Society,  Wisconsin. 

Ex-President,  American  Academy  of  Medicine. 
E.  S.  Hayes,  M.D. 

Member  State  Board  of  Health,  Eau  Claire,  Wis. 
E.  Wells  Kellogg,  M.D.,  B.S.,  Milwaukee. 

Ex-Chairman,  Section  on  Practice,  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. 
Philip  F.  Rogers,  A.B.,  M.D.,  Milwaukee. 
N.  W.  HoUenbeck,  B.S.,  M.D.,  Milwaukee. 

39 


Frank  E.  Brown,  M.D.,  Milwaukee. 

W.  C.  Heaston,  M.  D.,  McPherson,  Kansas. 

A.  H.  Youngs,  M.D. 

Member  State  Board  Medical  Examiners,  South  Dakota. 

B.  A.  Bobb,  M.D.,  South  Dakota. 

H.  M.  Freeburg,  M.D.,  Watertown,  S.  D. 

F.  W.  Freyberg,  M.D.,  Mitchell,  S.  D. 
Edwin  L.  Perkins,  M.D.,  South  Dakota. 
Edward  B.  Taylor,  M.D.,  South  Dakota. 
J.  P.  Lord,  M.D.,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Andrew  B.  Somers,  M.D.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

D.  C.  Bryant,  A.M.,  M.D.,  Omaha,  Neb. 
A.  F.  Jonas,  Surgeon,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Robert  McConaughy,  M.D.,  York,  Neb. 

G.  H.  Rathburn,  M.D.,  Fremont,  Neb. 
J.  W.  Straight,  M.D.,  Hastings,  Neb. 

L.  A.  Rodgers,  A.B.,  M.D.,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa. 
N.  M.  Whitchin,  M.D.,  Boone,  Iowa. 
Joseph  R.  Allen,  M.D.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 

E.  G.  Linn,  M.D.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Frost  C.  Buchtel,  M.D. 

Associate    Professor    Surgery,     University    of    Colorado 

Medical  School. 
Surgeon  to  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  Denver. 

Clinton  Enos,  M.D. 

Surgeon  to  St.  Anthony's  Hospital,  Denver. 

I.  B.  Perkins,  M.D.,  Denver. 

F.  L.  Dixon,  M.D. 

Ex-President,  Maine  Medical  Association. 

F.  B.  Carpenter,  M.D. 

Visiting  Gynaecologist,  San  Francisco  Polyclinic. 

Walter  C.  Alvarey,  M.D. 

Medical  Examiner,  San  Francisco  Y.  M.  C.  A. 

George  H.  Richardson,  M.D.,  San  Francisco. 

Walter  S.  Johnson,  M.D.,  San  Francisco. 

H.  A.  Hess,  M.D.,  San  Francisco. 

A.  S.  KeUy,  M.D. 

Professor  Surgery,  Oakland  Medical  College,  Oakland,  Cal. 

40 


Alvine  Powell,  M.D, 

Junior  Surgeon  of  Merritt  Hospital. 
Surgeon,  W.  P.  Railway,  Oakland,  Cal. 

George  T.  Pomeroy,  M.D.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
R.  Sutherland,  M.D.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
H.  Louis  Dietz,  M.D.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
N.  H.  Chamberlain,  M.D.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
Herbert  A.  Johnston,  M.D.,  Anaheim,  Cal. 
H.  N.  GofiP,  M.D.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 
Charles  Lee  King,  M.D.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 
Calvin  S.  White,  M.D. 

State  Health  O^cer,  Oregon  Member  A.  M.  A.,  A.  P.  H.  A, 

Professor  Hygiene,  University  of  Oregon. 

William  House,  M.D. 

Lecturer  on  Nervous  Diseases,  University  of  Oregon. 

Formerly    President    City    and    County    Medical    Society, 
Portland,  Oregon. 
Andrew  C.  Smith,  M.D. 

Formerly  President,  Oregon  State  Board  of  Health. 
J.  Allen  Gilbert,  Ph.D.,  M.D. 

Assistant   Professor   of  Medicine,    University   of   Oregon. 
R.  W.  Stearns,  B.S.,  M.D. 

President,  Southern  Oregon  Medical  Society. 

Executive  O^cer  City  Board  of  Health,  Medford,  Ore. 
Charles  J.  Smith,  M.D. 

Member  Oregon  State  Board  of  Health. 
James  B.  Eagleson,  M.D.,  Seattle. 

F.  S.   Bourus,  B.S.,  M.D.,  Seattle. 
Clarence  A.  Smith,  M.  D.,  Seattle. 

J.  G.  Erickson,  M.D. 

Commissioner  of  Health,  Seattle. 
Park  W.  Willis,  M.D. 

Surgeon   for    the    City    Hospital,   Seattle    and    Children's 
Orthopedic  Hospital. 

G.  I.  Hurley,  A.M.,  M.D.,  Hoquiam,  Wash. 
Nathan  L.  Thompson,  Ph.G.,  M.D.,  Everett,  Wash. 
Paul  W.  Johnson,  B.L.,  M.D.,  Clarkston,  Wash. 
Robert  L.  Nourse,  M.D. 

President,  Physician  and  Surgeon  Club  of  Boise. 

Ex-President,  Idaho  State  Medical  Society. 

Formerly  Secretary  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners. 

41 


star  well  B.  Dudley,  M.A.,  M.D.,  Idaho. 

R.  L.  Glase,  M.D.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

Samuel  C.  Benedict,  M.D. 

President,  State  Board  of  Health  of  Georgia,  Athens,  Ga. 

W.  H.  Doughty,  Jr.,  M.D. 

Dean  Medical  Department,  University  of  Georgia,  Augusta, 
Ga. 
J.  C.  Rippard,  M.D. 

President,  Ware  Co.  Medical  Society,  Way  Cross,  Ga. 
M.  McH.  Hull,  M.Sc,  M.D. 

Professor  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Atlanta  Col- 
lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 
J.  S.  Todd,  M.  D.,  Atlanta. 

Stewart  R.  Roberts,  A.B.,  S.M.,  M.D.,  Atlanta. 
Floyd  W.  McRae,  M.D.,  Atlanta. 
R.  H.  McGinnis,  M.D.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
J.  H.  McDuffie,  M.D.,  Columbus,  Ga. 
John  T.  Moore,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Ex-President,  State  Medical  Ass'n  of  Texas. 
Ex-Associate  Professor  of  Medicine,  University  of  Texas. 
James  J.  Terrill,  M.D. 

Professor    of    Pathology,    Medical    Dept.,    University    of 
Texas,  Galveston,  Tex. 
Frank  D.  Boyd,  M.D. 

Chairman  Board  of  Councilors,  Texas  State  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. 
Associate  Professor  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat,  Medical 
Department  Texas  Christian  University,  Fort  Worth. 
Milton  J.  Bhein,  Ph.B.,  M.D.,  Texas. 
O.  I.  Halbert,  M.D.,  Texas. 
M.  M.  Carrick,  M.D.,  Dallas,  Tex. 
John  C.  Silliman,  B.A.,  M.D.,  Texas. 
J.  Skelton  Horsy,  M.D. 

President,  Richmond  Academy  of  Medicine  and  Surgery, 
Richmond,  Va. 
Douglas  Vanderhoof,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Professor   of  Materia  Medica  and   Therapeutics,  Medical 
College  of  Virginia,  Richmond,  Va. 
Lewis  C.  Bosher,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Surgery,  Medical  College  of  Virginia,  Rich- 
mond. 

42 


E.  C.  Levy,  M.D. 

Chief  Health  Ofjicer,  Richmond,  Va. 

Ennion  G.  Williams,  M.D. 

State  Health  Commissioner,  Richmond,  Va. 
Herbert  Old,  M.D. 

Secretary-Treasurer,    Virginia    State    Medical   Examining 
Board. 
Lucius  Lankford,  M.D.,  Virginia. 

A.  W.  Royster,  M.D.,  Virginia. 

Edward  T.  Hargrove,  M.D.,  Ph.G.,  Virginia. 

Southgate  Leigh,  M.D.,  Virginia. 

Kirkland  Ruffin,  M.D.,  Norfolk,  Va. 

J.  Ross  Snyder,  M.D. 

Professor  of  Pediatrics  in  Post  Graduate  Medical  School 
of  University  of  Alabama. 
William  T.  Berry,  M.D. 

Attending  Surgeon  to  Hillman  Hospital,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

W.  G.  Harrison,  B.S.,  M.D.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
A.  A.  Ballard,  M.D.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Thomas  D.  Parke,  M.D.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
L.  Sexton,  M.D.,  New  Orleans. 
H.  S.  Cocram,  M.D.,  New  Orleans. 

David  O.  Hancock,  M.D. 

President  of  Kentucky  State  Medical  Association. 
J.  A.  Stucky,  M.D.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

M.  W.  Steele,  M.D. 

Inspector  for  Rockefeller  Sanitary  Commission  and  Ken- 
tucky State  Board  of  Health. 
John  H.  Blackburn,  M.D.,  Bowling  Green,  Ky. 

W.  S.  Rankin,  M.D. 

Secretary  North  Carolina  State  Board  of  Health. 

A.  J.  Crowell,  M.D.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 
G.  McF.  Mood,  M.D.,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

B.  B.  Steedly,  M.D.,  Spartanburg,  S.  C. 

F.  P.  Beaumont,  M.D. 

President,  Hancock  Co.  Board  of  Health. 

President,    Neio    Cumberland    Board    of    Health,     West 
Virginia. 
F.  E.  Martin,  M.D.,  New  Martinsville,  W.  Va. 
F.  L.  Matson,  M.D.,  Hundred,  W.  Va. 

43 


Sex  Education  Series 


Books  by  WINFIELD  S.  HALL,  Ph.D.,  M.D.,  Professor  of 
Physiology,  Northwestern  University  Medical  School,  Chicago 


Life's  Beginnings 

This  book  is  specially  suitable  for  boys  of  ten  to  fourteen 
years.  From  the  first  chapter  on  "Living  Things  and  How 
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Secret  of  Manhood, "  it  is  natural,  sane  sex  instruction  that 
will  lead  to  the  boy's  healthy,  normal  development.  The 
chapter  on  "A  Sound  Body"  is  full  of  valuable  suggestion. 

Developing  Into  Manhood 

This  is  a  series  of  lessons  dealing  with  the  interpretation  of 
the  sex  function  as  touching  all  of  life's  processes,  physical 
and  emotional.  It  is  designed  for  use  under  adult  leadership 
with  youths  from  fifteen  to  eighteen  years.  Each  lesson  is 
followed  by  a  fine  "Personal  Thought"  tending  to  make  the 
boy  feel  his  responsibility  to  lead  a  pure  life.  The  matter  has 
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New  York:  124  E.  28th  St.      London:  47  Paternoster  Row,  E.G. 


Sex  Education  Series 


Books  by  ORRIN  G.  COCKS,  B.D.,  Secretary  Laity  League 
for  Social  Service^  Federation  of  Churches,  New  York  City 


The  Social  Evil  and  Methods  of  Treatment 

Designed  as  a  basis  for  discussion  in  groups  of  laymen,  this 
book  contains  seven  chapters  on  "Sources  of  Vice,"  "Treat- 
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Engagement  and  Marriage 

Under  fourteen  heads  the  author  discusses  these  subjects 
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ASSOCIATION   PRESS 

New  York:  124  E.  28th  St.      London:  47  Paternoster  Row,  B.C. 


Books  on  Sex  Hygiene 


By  WINFIELD  S.  HALL,  Ph.D.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Physi- 
ology, Northwestern  University  Medical  School,  Chicago 


From  Youth  Into  Manhood 

Cloth,  50  cents 

Workers  among  boys  from  11  to  15  will  find  this  book  meets 
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Reproduction  and  Sexual  Hygiene 

Cloth,  90  cents 

This  work  is  in  its  fourteenth  edition,  and  is  being  used 
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ASSOCIATION   PRESS 

New  York:  124  E.  28tb  St.      London:  47  Paternoster  Row,  E.G. 


Social  Service  Methods 


Family  and  Social  Work  Cloth,  .60 

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The  book  holds  a  splendid  challenge  to  every  Christian 
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Prepared  by  a  Commission  of  leading  authorities  on  the 
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I.  J.  LANSING,  Social  Service  Specialist,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 

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who  use  it  rightly  the  responsibility  to  strive  to  bring 
those  ideals  to  pass. 

ASSOCIATION   PRESS 

New  York:  124  E.  28th  St.      Londoa:  47  Paternoster  Row,  E.G. 


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